Words and phrases to organize points chronologically (to introduce a series of reasons, ideas, remarks, etc): first(ly)/first of all ; second(ly); third(ly);
lastly/last of all/finally (наконец; взаключение);
first and foremost (впервуюочередь);
in the first/second/third place;
to start/begin with;
for one thing (преждевсего; начатьстого, что; дляначала);
for another thing (крометого; во-вторых).
Note: firstly, secondly... is more formal than first, second... Eg: The aim of the test was first and foremost to give confidence to the students. Eg: There are several reasons why students may prefer to live in dorms: first(ly), it is cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent an apartment, second(ly),students do not have to spend much time to get to school because dorms are usually located on campus, and lastly/last of all/finally, students may have a more active social life. Eg: There are two main reasons why these countries should not involve themselves with nuclear energy at the present time. In the first place/For one thing, they have ample supplies of both oil and hydroelectric energy from which to generate electricity. For another thing/Secondly, ... Words and phrases to indicate the addition of a new point, or to introduce a related topic: in addition; what is more/more than that/furthermore(formal)/ moreover/(more formal) (болеетого; кроме того);
another thing is that...
above all/on top of that (в довершение всего);
as well as (также (как); не только...,но; в дополнение; помимо);
alongside (наряду с);
besides/apart from (кроме);
besides (ктомуже; particularly when adding a negative idea); similarly/equally/likewise (подобным образом);
a word must be said about...;
it is important to note that... Eg:In addition to (having)a BA degree in Psychology, he also has an MBA. (MBA - Master of Business Administration) Eg: (from a letter of recommendation)... In addition, her education in Speech Communication and work as a teacher has provided a great deal of public speaking and presentation experience. What is more/On top of that, she is particularly good in a fast-paced environment with challenges and with co-workers as enthusiastic as herself. Eg:Alongside his many other responsibilities, he now has to be in charge of staff training. Eg: Although I feel that life might be less interesting if we knew everything that would happen in the future, there are certain details about my own life which I am nearly dying of curiosity to find out. ... Apart from/Besides my personal life, I would be very interested to know what the world will be like in the next century, and in the next millennium. Eg: Now it is generally believed that professional sports affects health in a negative way. Besides, violence, greed, and corruption are clearly the antitheses of the athletic ideal Eg:It is important to note that professional athletes often finish their careers not because they are of retirement age, but because they are physically damaged. Eg: Physical labor can exhaust the body very quickly. Similarly/Equally/Likewise, excessive study can rapidly reduce mental powers. as well as Eg: He was a real scholar as well as a great composer. (= He is not only a great composer, but also a real scholar.)
He is intelligent as well as good-looking. (= He is not only good-looking, but also intelligent.)
She composes music as well as plays the piano. (= She not only plays the piano but also composes music.) Note: In BrE, when they put a verb after as well as, they most often use the -ing form. Eg: She sings as well as playing the piano.
As well as doing well on the exams, she wrote a very good term paper.
first(ly)/first of all ; second(ly); third(ly);
lastly/last of all/finally (наконец; в заключение);
first and foremost (в первую очередь);
in the first/second/third place;
to start/begin with;
for one thing (прежде всего; начать с того, что; для начала);
for another thing (кроме того; во-вторых).
Note: firstly, secondly... is more formal than first, second...
Eg: The aim of the test was first and foremost to give confidence to the students.
Eg: There are several reasons why students may prefer to live in dorms: first(ly), it is cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent an apartment, second(ly),students do not have to spend much time to get to school because dorms are usually located on campus, and lastly/last of all/finally, students may have a more active social life.
Eg: There are two main reasons why these countries should not involve themselves with nuclear energy at the present time. In the first place/For one thing, they have ample supplies of both oil and hydroelectric energy from which to generate electricity. For another thing/Secondly, ...
Words and phrases to indicate the addition of a new point, or to introduce a related topic:
in addition;
what is more/more than that/furthermore(formal)/ moreover/(more formal) (болеетого; кроме того);
another thing is that...
above all/on top of that (в довершение всего);
as well as (также (как); не только...,но; в дополнение; помимо);
alongside (наряду с);
besides/apart from (кроме);
besides (ктомуже; particularly when adding a negative idea); similarly/equally/likewise (подобным образом);
a word must be said about...;
it is important to note that...
Eg: In addition to (having)a BA degree in Psychology, he also has an MBA. (MBA - Master of Business Administration)
Eg: (from a letter of recommendation)... In addition, her education in Speech Communication and work as a teacher has provided a great deal of public speaking and presentation experience. What is more/On top of that, she is particularly good in a fast-paced environment with challenges and with co-workers as enthusiastic as herself.
Eg: Alongside his many other responsibilities, he now has to be in charge of staff training.
Eg: Although I feel that life might be less interesting if we knew everything that would happen in the future, there are certain details about my own life which I am nearly dying of curiosity to find out. ... Apart from/Besides my personal life, I would be very interested to know what the world will be like in the next century, and in the next millennium.
Eg: Now it is generally believed that professional sports affects health in a negative way. Besides, violence, greed, and corruption are clearly the antitheses of the athletic ideal
Eg: It is important to note that professional athletes often finish their careers not because they are of retirement age, but because they are physically damaged.
Eg: Physical labor can exhaust the body very quickly. Similarly/Equally/Likewise, excessive study can rapidly reduce mental powers.
as well as
Eg: He was a real scholar as well as a great composer. (= He is not only a great composer, but also a real scholar.)
He is intelligent as well as good-looking. (= He is not only good-looking, but also intelligent.)
She composes music as well as plays the piano. (= She not only plays the piano but also composes music.)
Note: In BrE, when they put a verb after as well as, they most often use the -ing form.
Eg: She sings as well as playing the piano.
As well as doing well on the exams, she wrote a very good term paper.